Hopefully this is on-topic here. I'm open if I should as on another SE site. We have an air conditioner heat pump outside, typical to most homes with one. When it kicks on, many of the lights dim for ...
A condenser is a device that allows to move fluid from the gaseous state to the liquid state by condensing.
A heat exchanger is very well suited to this function and allows, by cooling the gas with another colder fluid to condense it. In this case, the latent heat released by condensation, as well as the power of a possible de-superheating, are used as energy to heat another colder fluid. According to the thermal programme, the power can be increased by a sub-cooling of condensate in a suitable design. This gaseous fluid may be the main fluid to be treated or can be the fluid that brings heat.
If the gaseous fluid is pure and the heat exchanger design is well done, all of the gas will be condensed and transformed into liquid. The resulting condensates are in thermodynamic equilibrium (pressure and temperature) with the gas phase. If the gaseous fluid is a mix or includes non-condensable gases, the condensed quantity will depend, among other things, of the mass fractions and the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger. In this case, it will be necessary to foreseen the non-condensable gas extraction.