An industrial filter press is a tool used in separation processes, specifically to separate solids and liquids. The machine stacks many filter elements and allows the filter to be easily opened to remove the filtered solids, and allows easy cleaning or replacement of the filter media.
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Filter presses cannot be operated in a continuous process but can offer very high performance, particularly when low residual liquid in the solid is desired. Among other uses, filter presses are utilised in marble factories in order to separate water from mud in order to reuse the water during the marble cutting process.
Concept behind filter press technology
Generally, the slurry that will be separated is injected into the centre of the press and each chamber of the press is filled. Optimal filling time will ensure the last chamber of the press is loaded before the mud in the first chamber begins to cake. As the chambers fill, pressure inside the system will increase due to the formation of thick sludge. Then, the liquid is strained through filter cloths by force using pressurized air, but the use of water could be more cost-efficient in certain cases, such as if water was re-used from a previous process.
History
The first form of filter press was invented in the United Kingdom in , used in obtaining seed oil through the use of pressure cells. However, there were many disadvantages associated with them, such as high labour requirement and discontinuous process. Major developments in filter press technology started in the middle of 20th century. In Japan in , Kenichiro Kurita and Seiichi Suwa succeeded in developing the world&#;s first automatic horizontal-type filter press to improve the cake removal efficiency and moisture absorption. Nine years later, Kurita Company began developing flexible diaphragms to decrease moisture in filter cakes. The device enables optimisation of the automatic filtration cycle, cake compression, cake discharge and filter-cloth washing leading to the increment in opportunities for various industrial applications. A detailed historical review, dating back to when the Shang Dynasty used presses to extract tea from camellia the leaves and oil from the hips in BC, was compiled by K. McGrew.
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In ancient China, there were simple filter presses, marking the earliest appearance of filter presses in history. During the Han Dynasty, relatively simple filtration and filtering equipment was used in brewing, where wine was consumed with the dregs. This was a way of drinking, as recorded in the "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" by the Han Dynasty scholar Han Ying: "The tyrant revels in wine, turning ponds to navigate, the fermented dregs form hills that can be seen for miles" This record reflects that the society at that time had awakened to a particular scale of wine production and had learned how to separate wine from the wine trough.
In , the Ministry of Light Industry organized a yellow wine filter press trial, and the BKY54/820 air-mode plate and frame filter press appeared. This marked the end of China's traditional manual pressing and filtering method.
In the early 19th century, Germans had a great fondness for drinking, which drove the development of the German wine industry. Local enterprises invented the world's first plate-and-frame filter press to enable rapid wine production, thus causing the industry to grow.
Development of Filter Press:
The first-generation filter press is suitable for dewatering high-ash, fine-grained, high-viscosity coal slurry and fine coal. The product moisture and concentration are good, but it has many disadvantages, such as low processing capacity, long processing time, large volume, and complex operation.
Second-generation Filter Press: It is an improvement for the problems of the first generation.
(1) Filter Plate Material: The number and size of filter plates must be increased to increase processing capacity and filter area. In addition to cast iron filter plates, new chemical material filter plates have appeared.
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(2) Filter Plate Structure: New steel-reinforced filter plates are used, with a thin rubber film pressed on the surface and around the rubber. This type of filter plate is lightweight, easy to repair, and has good anti-yield properties.
-Type Diaphragm Filter Plate
(3) Safety Facilities: An optoelectronic safety shield is installed on the side of the filter plate to monitor and ensure safety. When the operator's body interrupts the light beam of the optoelectronic tube, the filter plate stops moving. When the person leaves the light beam, the equipment starts automatically.
(4)Automation: Some manufacturers have developed fully automated filter presses for continuous production.
Third-generation Filter Press: The VPA filter press developed by the American company Denver Sala is representative of the third-generation filter press. Compared with traditional second-generation filter presses, it has more robust and durable filter plates, larger model size, increased filtration pressure, and reduced cycle time.
Fourth-generation Filter Press: The APN filter press produced by the Spanish company TH is representative of the current new generation of filter presses. Compared with the third-generation filter press, its notable differences are smaller machine size, more straightforward structure, less space occupation, fewer filter plates, faster cycles, and mechanical extrusion process.
High-Pressure Diaphragm Filter Press
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