Difference between Broadband and Baseband Transmission

Broadband systems use modulation techniques to reduce the effect of noise in the environment. Broadband transmission employs multiple channel unidirectional transmission using a combination of phase and amplitude modulation. 

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Baseband is a digital signal transmitted on the medium using one of the signal codes like NRZ, RZ Manchester biphase-M code, etc. called baseband transmission. 

These are the following differences between Broadband and Baseband transmission. 

Baseband transmission:

1. Digital signaling.
2. Frequency division multiplexing is not possible.
3. Baseband is the bi-directional transmission.
4. A short-distance signal traveling.
5. The entire bandwidth is for single signal transmission.
6. Example: Ethernet is using Basebands for LAN.

Broadband transmission:

1. Analog signaling.
2. The transmission of data is unidirectional.
3. Signal traveling distance is long.
4. Frequency division multiplexing is possible.
5. Simultaneous transmission of multiple signals over different frequencies.
6. Example: Used to transmit cable TV to premises.

S. No Basis of Comparison Baseband Transmission Broadband Transmission 1. Type of Signal In baseband transmission, the type of signaling used is digital.  In broadband transmission, the type of signaling used is analog. 2. Direction Type Baseband Transmission is bidirectional in nature. Broadband Transmission is unidirectional in nature. 3. Signal Transmission The Signal can be sent in both directions. Sending of Signal in one direction only. 4. Distance covered by the signal Signals can only travel over short distances. For long distances, attenuation is required. Signals can be traveled over long distances without being attenuated. 5. Topology It works well with bus topology. It is used with a bus as well as tree topology. 6. Device used to increase signal strength Repeaters are used to enhance signal strength. Amplifiers are used to enhance signal strength. 7. Type of Multiplexing used It utilizes Time Division Multiplexing. It utilizes Frequency Division Multiplexing. 8. Encoding Techniques In baseband transmission, Manchester and Differential Manchester encoding are used. Only PSK encoding is used. 9. Transfer medium Twisted-pair cables, coaxial cables, and wires are used as a transfer medium for digital signals in baseband transmission.  Broadband signals were sent through optical fiber cables, coaxial cables, and radio waves. 10. Impedance Baseband transmission has a 50-ohm impedance.  Broadband transmission has a 70-ohm impedance.  11. Data Streams  It can only transfer one data stream at a time in bi-directional mode. It can send multiple signal waves at once but in one direction only. 12. Installation and Maintenance Baseband transmission is easy to install and maintain. Broadband transmission is difficult to install and maintain. 13. Cost This transmission is cheaper to design. This transmission is expensive to design. 14. Application Typically seen in Ethernet LAN networks.  Typically found in cable and networks. 15. Frequency In this, capacity of frequency is less than 100 kHz. In this, capacity of frequency is higher than 100 kHz. 16. Suitable for It is best for wired networks. It is best for non-wired networks. 17. Structure The structure is very simple, and no special hardware is required. The structure is complex as it needs unique hardware.

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What is baseband?

Baseband in the transmission of communications signals means only one path is available to send and receive digital signals between devices. Baseband communication systems have been in use for many years and is still used in technologies such as Ethernet and wireless communications.

Baseband technology is used in several ways:

• Information is carried in digital form on a single signal channel that isn't multiplexed and uses a transmission medium, such as copper twisted-pair wires. Baseband network technology is used in various types of networks, including Ethernet and token ring local area networks.
• With multiplexing, a transmission channel derives additional paths over a baseband channel.
• A baseband signal transmits data streams as analog signals using modulation technology.
• With any frequency band on which information is superimposed, baseband can be used whether or not the band is multiplexed and information is sent on subbands. In this application, it's assumed that the carrier frequency band used isn't shifted to a different frequency band but remains at its original place in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Baseband vs. broadband

A broadband transmission and signal processing system supports multiple frequency bands, whereas baseband transmission uses only one transmission band. Both telecommunications technologies support multiple concurrent transmissions, but they use different equipment at each end to accommodate different signal transmission methods.

A baseband network is designed with only one communication channel, while broadband has several.

10BASE-T and its derivatives

Baseband technology is used in Ethernet networks. Ethernet is typically deployed in a star network configuration with the network hub and device connections radiating from the hub. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines current Ethernet transmission specifications as follows:

• 10BASE-T. The initial IEEE Ethernet standard, 10BASE-T provides 10 megabits per second (Mbps) of transmission bandwidth over a baseband channel using twisted-pair copper wiring.
• 100BASE-T. This standard supports transmission speeds up to 100 Mbps.
• BASE-T. The BASE-T standard supports transmission speeds up to 1,000 Mbps or 1 gigabit per second (Gbps). It is also referred to as Gigabit Ethernet.
• 10GBASE-T. The 10GBASE-T standard supports transmission speeds up to 10 Gbps.

Star networks use a hub and spoke topology.

In addition to twisted-pair copper cable, providers use coaxial cable and fiber optic cable as transmission media. The following are IEEE standards for each of these media:

• 10BASE-2. This standard is for thin-wire coaxial cable with a maximum transmission distance of 607 feet, or 185 meters.
• 10BASE-5. This is the thick-wire coaxial cable standard with a maximum transmission distance of 1,640 feet, or 500 meters.
• 10BASE-F. This is the standard for fiber optic transmission cables.
• 10BASE-36. The standard for broadband coaxial cable that supports transmission of multiple baseband channels over a maximum distance of 11,800 feet, or 3,600 meters.

Strengths and limitations of baseband

Baseband is a cost-effective technology that's easy to use and inexpensive to install using twisted pair cable. It's also simple to maintain, and its simple structure makes it easy to understand and work with.

However, baseband can only be used for voice and data communications. It isn't generally used for video, and it has a limited transmission range.

Learn more about the evolution of Ethernet as the standard has evolved over the last half century.

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