There is enough evidence to suggest that earthenware pots used to be mended by adhesive substances obtained from tree sap as early as BC. years ago, adhesives were used in the creation of laminated woodwork, while years ago, they were used in the tombs of Egyptian Pharaohs. The earliest detailed scripts of adhesives, however, date back to B.C and contain simple instructions for the preparation of fish glue.
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It is suggested that between &#; BC Egyptian hieroglyphics were laminated with the use of special glue obtained from animal adhesives. Later in 618-906 B.C. China also started to use their version of adhesive substances which they made from stag horns, ox and fish derivatives. The next period where the use of adhesives was prevalent is from 1-500 A.D. It is during this period that the Greeks and the Romans came up with the art of veneering and marquetry &#; technique used to bind thin layers of wood together. They used various materials to create adhesive substances including animal hides, egg whites, milk, vegetables, blood and bone matter.
It took yet long time before the very first patent for a fish glue was issued in Britain in . This created space for more patents as numerous companies came up with different types of glues.
Producing the first roll of Scotch® Tape wasn't just a challenge, it was something of a marvel considering that it was the brainchild of a banjo-playing, engineering school dropout who had a limited background in chemistry and who had no idea what he was getting into when he told a client he could solve his problem.
The problem facing Richard (Dick) G. Drew, a 23-year-old 3M research assistant, was a big one. And his ingenious solution&#;masking tape&#;would revolutionize 3M and set the stage for eventual development of Scotch® Transparent Tape.
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By the early s, two-toned cars were the rage, and that created a major headache for the automotive industry. To craft this duo-tone look, one portion of the car had to be masked off while the other was painted. The problem was nobody knew how to do this well. So automakers and auto body shops improvised. They glued old newspapers to the body and windows with library pastes, homemade glues or surgical adhesive tape. This helped create a sharp demarcation between the two colors, but the adhesives stuck so firmly that trying to remove them often ruined the paint job.
At the time, 3M primarily manufactured sandpaper and other abrasives. One of Dick Drew's jobs was taking samples of waterproof sandpaper (another 3M invention) to nearby auto body shops for testing. One morning in he walked into one of these shops and overheard "choicest profanity I'd ever known." Yet another paint job was botched and the worker who'd done it was furious. Drew had seen this occur on many other visits, but this time he spoke up. He could, he said, produce a tape that would end the painter's torment.
It was a brash pledge since, as one historian noted, "(Drew) could back this promise with neither experience nor know-how. He didn't even know exactly what was needed, but he had the optimism of youth." It also helped that he received the backing of his superiors at 3M, who were looking for ways to diversify the company. Still, Drew hardly seemed like an innovator.
Growing up in St. Paul, Minn., Drew spent much of his time playing banjo in local dance bands. Using this talent, he earned enough to pay for engineering classes at the University of Minnesota. But the demands of playing in bands at night and taking classes during the day proved too much. He dropped out of school after eighteen months and took a correspondence course in machine design. In , he was hired by 3M and all too soon he was trying to figure out how to deliver on his impulsive promise to that auto painter.
Using the adhesive used in 3M's waterproof sandpaper as a starting point, Drew spent two years experimenting with vegetable oils, various resins, chicle, linseed, and glue glycerin. Eventually he developed a formula containing a good grade of cabinetmaker's glue, which was kept sticky with the addition of glycerin. For a backing, he settled on treated crepe paper. The product he created; Scotch® Brand Masking Tape adhered strongly yet stripped off easily without mucking up paint. It was the first of what was to become a sprawling family of Scotch® Brand tapes. But it was Drew's second Scotch® Brand innovation still known as "the famous one" that would really set the world abuzz.
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