The popularity of the furnace brazing process stems from the clean atmosphere used during the brazing cycle, which mostly eliminates use of fluxes and also eliminates post-braze cleaning. Various types of furnace are used for brazing, mostly employing either a gaseous atmosphere or typical vacuum environment, created with a vacuum pump to achieve the desired vacuum level. The overall furnace construction is based on either batch type or continuous operation. Batch operation includes retort type furnaces used for hydrogen brazing and vacuum chambers for vacuum brazing.
Vacuum furnaces are widely used, and often companies will utilise them for the heat treatment process, using heat exchangers, as well as brazing. Furnaces today are based on a cold wall construction, with internal heating elements, usually carbon or molybdenum. The cold wall refers to the water-cooled double skin construction used to keep external temperatures down to room temperature (or less). Braze furnaces can be either horizontal or vertical and can be either top or bottom loading. High temperatures of up to 1300°C and vacuum levels < 1x10-5 mbar can be achieved.
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