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What is the downside to string inverters?
String inverters have long been a popular choice in solar energy systems, but they do come with their own set of limitations and downsides. In this article, we will explore the drawbacks of using string inverters and shed light on some important considerations when choosing the right solar energy system for your needs.
1. Partial shading can significantly affect performance.
One of the major downsides of string inverters is their vulnerability to partial shading. When even a small portion of a solar panel is shaded, it can decrease the overall output of the entire string. This means that if just one panel in a string is shaded due to a nearby tree or building, the entire string's performance could be compromised. Microinverters and power optimizers, on the other hand, offer individual module-level optimization which limits the impact of shading on the whole system.
2. Limited design flexibility.
String inverters typically require all the panels in a string to have the same orientation and tilt angle. This lack of design flexibility can be a significant drawback, especially when dealing with complex roof layouts or installations with panels facing different directions to maximize exposure to sunlight. In contrast, microinverters or DC power optimizers can accommodate varying panel orientations and tilt angles, allowing for more flexibility in system design.
3. Lower reliability and potential for system-wide failure.
Since string inverters are interconnected, the failure of a single panel or inverter can affect the entire string, leading to a decrease in system performance or even a complete system shutdown. This cascading effect can be quite problematic, especially if identifying and rectifying the fault takes time. Microinverters or power optimizers, however, offer increased system reliability as a fault in one module does not impact the performance of the others.
4. Increased safety concerns.
String inverters pose safety challenges due to their higher operating voltages. With string inverters, the DC to AC inversion occurs at a centralized location, resulting in a significantly higher voltage compared to microinverters or optimizers. This potentially creates safety hazards for installers and maintenance personnel, who must be trained to handle high-voltage DC connections and take appropriate precautions. The utilization of microinverters or power optimizers helps mitigate this safety concern, as they operate at lower DC voltages.
In conclusion, while string inverters have had their place in the solar energy market, they do come with several notable downsides. The vulnerability to shading, limited design flexibility, potential for system-wide failure, and higher safety risks are important factors to consider when deciding on the right inverter technology for your solar system. It is crucial to assess your specific installation requirements, such as shading conditions and design constraints, and weigh them against the benefits of alternatives such as microinverters or power optimizers. Ultimately, choosing the right inverter technology will ensure optimal performance, reliability, and safety for your solar energy system.
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