The formal name of the chip. An integrated circuit (IC) combines thousands, millions or billions of transistors on a single substrate. A certain number of resistors and capacitors may also reside on the chip but in fewer quantities than the transistors. Prior to integrated circuits, these electronic components were discrete devices soldered to each other on a printed circuit board.
In 1958, Texas Instruments inventor Jack Kilby demonstrated the concept. Although integrated circuits did not become commercialized until Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor developed his silicon-based device a couple months later, Kilby's circuit proved that multiple electronic devices could be constructed as a single unit. See chip, microcontroller and transistor.
The First Integrated Circuit
Seven Years Later - Three Transistors
A Half Century Later - 35 Billion Transistors
Even More Transistors
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